Coverage

Terrain Data Viewer

Sample terrain elevation as a point to point profile, a square coverage grid, a sector wedge, or a point to multipoint fan from any location worldwide. Eight live DEM sources, multi source merge with per cell provenance, DTM vs DSM clutter computation, and export to CSV, JSON, GeoJSON, KML, GeoTIFF, and profile PNG.

Included in the 14-day Pro trial on every new account. No credit card.

Overview

Terrain elevation data underpins almost every RF link planning calculation. ITU R P.526 diffraction loss, P.530 microwave path planning, P.452 coordination, P.1812 broadcast coverage, P.1546 point to area prediction, and free space path loss with knife edge correction all need an elevation profile sampled along the path. Coverage prediction needs a 2 D digital elevation model (DEM) over the served area. Most engineering teams either pay for proprietary terrain libraries, hand assemble samples from public sources, or rely on a single tool to produce profiles that cannot be exported to anything else. The noIM₃ Terrain Data Viewer is a single tool to generate any of four geometry types, anywhere on Earth, against eight live public DEM sources, with full export to common formats and per sample provenance baked in.

Point to point mode produces a Karney geodesic interpolated elevation profile between two coordinates. The sampler runs an adaptive pass that densifies near endpoints and around terrain inflections, bounded by a user set maximum sample count (default 5000, up to 50000). The target spacing is set in metres, with chips that grey out automatically when the selected DEM source cannot honestly serve them. Optional corridor mode samples a rectangular heatmap of user set half width either side of the path, with TX and RX antenna AGL, k factor, and a Clearance vs LOS ramp that colours obstructions in red and clear ground in green. Output includes per sample distance, latitude, longitude, ground (DTM) elevation, surface (DSM) elevation when paired with a DSM source, clutter AGL, k factor, Earth bulge, and the source tag for each sample.

Coverage mode produces a square grid of elevation samples centred on a user set point. Radius is user set from 100 m to 100 km. Grid pitch is set in metres with chips for 1, 5, 10, 30, and 90 m. The sample count and grid dimensions are shown live before generation. Output includes per cell i, j grid index, latitude, longitude, DTM elevation, DSM elevation, clutter AGL, slope, aspect, an interpolated flag, the source tag, and (when multi source merging is on) the per source component values and inter source spread. A hover cursor reads out elevation, slope, aspect, surface, clutter, source, and spread under the pointer. Drop draggable probes anywhere in the area to get a centre to point profile in the dock without re sampling the DEM.

Sector mode samples a pie slice DEM for sector antenna planning. Apex, azimuth, beamwidth (1° to 360°), and range are user set, with a draggable boresight handle on the map for live rotation and range adjustment. Cells outside the wedge are masked transparent on the heatmap. The same probe system as Coverage works, with an 8 rose helper that fans probes across the wedge at range. PMP (point to multipoint) mode generates one elevation profile per subscriber from a single hub apex, up to 100 subscribers, with a summary table and per subscriber CSV export. PMP intentionally has no LOS, Fresnel, or clearance analysis baked in — the tool produces geometry only so downstream RF planning tools own the radio modelling.

The DEM source selector exposes eight live, server backed sources. Mapbox Terrain RGB (zoom adaptive, ~1 m to ~90 m native depending on pitch, ~1 to 3 m vertical RMSE in well covered regions) is the default. Copernicus GLO 30 and GLO 90 DSM (~30 m / ~90 m global including poles, surface model), NASA SRTM 1 arcsec and 3 arcsec (±60° latitude), ALOS World 3D 30 m DSM (JAXA stereo photogrammetry, best in mountainous terrain), NASADEM 1 arcsec (NASA reprocessed SRTM with ICESat tied calibration), and Geoscience Australia 1 arcsec DEM (AU continent and close offshore only) all route through the noIM₃ server proxies so no third party API key is exposed to the browser. Multi source selection unlocks merge strategies: First available (priority order), Minimum (worst case clearance), Maximum (worst case obstruction), Mean (best estimate), Median (robust to outliers), and Spread (max minus min, uncertainty visualisation). When a DTM source is paired with a DSM source the clutter AGL is computed per cell and populates the surface_elevation_m and clutter_agl_m columns in every export. Pitches finer than the source native resolution are bilinear interpolated and tagged interpolated equals true on every export.

Capabilities

Four sampling geometries

Point to point Karney geodesic profile with adaptive endpoint and terrain inflection densification. Square coverage grid for viewshed and P.1812 inputs. Sector wedge for sector antenna planning with draggable boresight handle for live rotation and range. Point to multipoint fan that produces one profile per subscriber from a hub apex, with a summary table and per subscriber CSV export. Mode switches preserve all inputs so you can compare the same area across geometries without re entering coordinates.

Eight live DEM sources with per cell provenance

Mapbox Terrain RGB (zoom adaptive global, ~1 m to 90 m native, ~1 to 3 m vertical RMSE), Copernicus GLO 30 and GLO 90 DSM (~30 m / ~90 m global including poles), NASA SRTM 1 arcsec and 3 arcsec (±60° latitude), ALOS World 3D 30 m DSM, NASADEM 1 arcsec, and Geoscience Australia 1 arcsec DEM (AU only, ~3 to 5 m vertical RMSE). All eight are wired through the noIM₃ server proxies so no third party API key reaches the browser. Each sample carries the id of the source that produced it for compliance audit.

Multi source merge strategies

Tick two or more DEM sources and pick a merge strategy: First available (priority order), Minimum (worst case clearance for sceptical design), Maximum (worst case obstruction for diffraction loss), Mean (best estimate), Median (robust against a single outlier source), or Spread (max minus min, for uncertainty visualisation). Every merged cell carries the per source component values and the inter source spread so the export discloses elevation uncertainty rather than hiding it.

DTM vs DSM separation with computed clutter

Sources are tagged as bare earth DTM (Mapbox, Geoscience Australia 1″, SRTM, NASADEM) or surface DSM (Copernicus GLO 30 / 90, ALOS World 3D). When you tick at least one of each, the clutter AGL (DSM minus DTM) is computed per cell at merge time and populates the surface_elevation_m and clutter_agl_m columns in CSV, JSON, GeoJSON, and KML exports, plus the live cursor readout. Single source selection leaves clutter empty because we do not pretend to know building heights without a paired bare earth reference.

P2P corridor heatmap with clearance vs LOS

Toggle the corridor on in P2P mode and the sampler renders a rectangular heatmap of user set half width (50 m to 20 km) either side of the path. Pick the elevation ramp (Viridis or Terrain) for absolute height, or the Clearance ramp which subtracts the TX to RX line of sight with k factor Earth bulge correction and colours obstructions in red, clear ground in green. TX and RX antenna AGL, k factor, and ramp choice apply at render time so you can probe the geometry without re sampling the DEM.

Honest sampling pitch with greyed chips

Pitch chips for 1, 5, 10, 30, and 90 m automatically grey out when the currently selected DEM sources cannot honestly serve them — for example, COP90 greys the 1 m and 5 m chips because its native resolution is 90 m. Selecting a finer pitch than a source can serve automatically deselects that source with an informational toast, so the source list never silently keeps ghost selections. Sub native pitches that the user accepts are bilinear interpolated by the tile fetcher and tagged interpolated equals true on every export.

Six export formats with per sample provenance

CSV with header comments and per sample source, version, and resolution columns. Native JSON matching the noIM₃ profile sample shape for direct re ingest. GeoJSON FeatureCollection of points for Mapbox, QGIS, and ArcGIS. KML for Google Earth (full P2P, sub sampled for large coverage grids). Float32 single band EPSG:4326 GeoTIFF with GDAL_NODATA equals -32768 for GDAL, QGIS, ArcGIS, and any tool that consumes raster DEMs. Profile PNG of the rendered elevation chart for reports. PMP mode exports a summary CSV plus one profile CSV per subscriber.

Draggable probes and 8 rose helper

Drop probes anywhere inside the coverage area or sector wedge with the + Probe button, drag the green end to any point inside the boundary, and read a centre to point elevation slice in the dock without re sampling the DEM. Probes snap to the boundary automatically so they cannot be dragged outside the radius or wedge. The 8 rose helper drops eight probes at range in a single click for a quick all azimuth comparison.

Geocoder, paste, drag, and arm to click placement

Search for a place name or address (Nominatim), paste coordinates in decimal degrees or DMS, drag any pin on the map (endpoints, hub apex, sector apex, coverage centre, and per subscriber pins) to fine tune position with the geometry updating live, or arm map placement and click. Sticky placement mode for PMP subscribers drops a new subscriber on every click until you press Esc or toggle the arm button, so a 30 site campaign can be placed in 30 clicks instead of 30 round trips through a button. Plain map panning never moves an input.

Multi project save and load

Every project has its own slot — open Site 17 in the morning, Site 18 in the afternoon, and the second never overwrites the first. The project picker lists everything you have saved with mode, source count, anchor coordinate, and last saved time. Rename, duplicate, export to a .tdv.json file, or import a colleagues file from another machine. Active project autosaves to its own slot on every input change with a live "saved Xs ago" indicator in the top bar; cross tab storage events keep the picker in sync if you delete a project in another tab.

Sign off grade PDF report

One click in any mode emits a multi page A4 PDF deliverable: cover with project name and report ID, table of contents, document control kvSheet (engineer, accreditation, classification, reviewer), consolidated project information (geometry, sources, merge strategy, sampling statistics), and a mode specific output section on landscape pages. P2P landscape page renders the profile as native jsPDF vector lines (infinitely sharp at any zoom, no canvas rescale fuzz) with optional corridor heatmap below. Coverage and Sector each ship three landscape figures — elevation heatmap, Mapbox satellite view of the same bounding box, and a satellite + heatmap composite at 55 percent opacity that shows terrain against roads, coastline, and buildings. PMP ships a portrait summary table plus one landscape profile page per subscriber. Sources, vertical RMSE, versions, and an inline glossary close the document. Mirrors the design system of the HF link planner report so a client receiving both sees consistent typography, spacing, brand bar, and table style.

Smart sector apex with tip anchoring

In sector mode the apex and the boresight tip are independently anchored. Drag the apex around the map and the boresight tip stays planted in geographic space — the azimuth and range recompute live so the wedge twists and stretches to keep pointing at the same ground spot. Drag the boresight tip with the apex fixed and the azimuth and range update the other way. Either end deforms the wedge in real time, letting an engineer sweep a sector around its target without rebuilding it from scratch.

Live cost estimate and mid run cancellation

Sample count and grid dimensions are shown live as you change radius, pitch, beamwidth, range, or maxSamples. Large grids (over 1 million samples) trigger a soft warning. The Generate button becomes a Cancel button with live progress percentage during sampling, so a misclicked huge grid does not waste minutes. Browser side tile cache de duplicates Mapbox requests across runs.

Browser side computation with server proxied DEM access

All geometry, interpolation, slope and aspect, merge fold, and export run entirely in the browser. Mapbox Terrain RGB tiles are fetched directly from the Mapbox CDN through the noIM₃ persistent tile cache. Copernicus, SRTM, ALOS, NASADEM, and Geoscience Australia DEM queries route through noIM₃ server proxies that hold the OpenTopography API key server side, so no third party credentials are exposed to the browser and one bbox raster fetch serves an entire P2P profile or coverage grid in a single round trip.

Standards & methodology

  • EPSG:4326 WGS84 geographic coordinate reference system
  • OGC GeoTIFF specification for the raster export
  • OGC KML 2.2 for Google Earth visualisation
  • OGC GeoJSON for point feature exchange
  • Mapbox Terrain RGB tile encoding for the source data
  • NASA SRTM 1 and 3 arcsec elevation products
  • NASADEM 1 arcsec elevation product (NASA / METI reprocess)
  • ESA Copernicus GLO 30 and GLO 90 DSM specifications
  • JAXA ALOS World 3D 30 m DSM specification
  • Geoscience Australia 1 arcsec hydrologically enforced DEM (DEM_SRTM_1Second)
  • ITU R P.1058 digital topographic database for radio wave propagation studies
  • OpenTopography Global DEM API for the server side DEM proxy
  • Karney geodesic for great circle interpolation in P2P mode

When to use this tool

  • Generating elevation profiles for ITU R P.526 diffraction loss calculations
  • Generating elevation profiles for ITU R P.530 microwave path planning
  • Generating coverage DEMs for ITU R P.1812 broadcast coverage prediction
  • Generating coverage DEMs for ITU R P.1546 point to area prediction
  • Generating sector wedge DEMs for sector antenna coverage prediction
  • Generating point to multipoint subscriber profiles for fixed wireless access planning
  • Generating coverage DEMs for two ray ground reflection and log distance path loss models
  • Producing terrain data for Fresnel zone clearance assessment
  • Producing corridor obstruction heatmaps for microwave path engineering with TX, RX, and k factor
  • Producing terrain data for line of sight analysis on point to point microwave routes
  • Producing coverage DEMs for viewshed analysis around a candidate tower site
  • Producing clutter heights (DSM minus DTM) for ITU R P.2108 clutter loss inputs
  • Sanity checking vendor proposed link routes against an independent multi source merged DEM
  • Visualising inter source elevation uncertainty for sceptical design and audit
  • Importing terrain into QGIS, ArcGIS, and GDAL via GeoTIFF
  • Importing terrain into the noIM₃ Link Planner, Path Loss, and Fresnel tools via CSV or JSON
  • Producing engineering evidence for ACMA microwave licence applications
  • Educational visualisation of elevation profiles, coverage DEMs, and sector wedges

Is this the right tool for you?

Reach for the Terrain Data Viewer in any of the following situations.

  • You are planning a microwave or millimetre wave backhaul link and need a Karney geodesic elevation profile to feed into a Fresnel clearance check or an ITU R P.530 link budget.
  • You are evaluating coverage from a candidate tower site and need a 5 km, 20 km, or 50 km coverage DEM at 30 m or finer pitch to feed into a viewshed or ITU R P.1812 prediction.
  • You are planning a sector antenna installation and need a pie slice DEM constrained to the boresight and beamwidth, with a draggable boresight handle to sweep the wedge across the map.
  • You are deploying a point to multipoint fixed wireless access network and need one elevation profile per subscriber from a single hub apex, with per subscriber CSV export.
  • You are responding to an interference incident and need a rapid terrain export for the path between victim and aggressor to feed into an independent diffraction calculation.
  • You are doing sceptical design and want a worst case clearance DEM by merging Mapbox, SRTM, NASADEM, and Copernicus and taking the minimum elevation per cell.
  • You are doing sceptical diffraction analysis and want a worst case obstruction DEM by merging the same sources and taking the maximum elevation per cell.
  • You are auditing the uncertainty of public DEMs over a path and want the inter source spread (max minus min) per cell as a confidence visualisation.
  • You need to estimate clutter heights (DSM minus DTM) for ITU R P.2108 inputs by pairing Geoscience Australia 1″ DTM with Copernicus GLO 30 DSM and reading the clutter_agl_m column.
  • You are building a coverage map in QGIS and need a Float32 GeoTIFF DEM clipped to the area of interest with EPSG:4326 georeferencing and a defined no data value.
  • You are operating under a security regime that prohibits sending route data to third party services and need a terrain extraction tool that runs entirely in your browser against server proxied public DEMs.
  • You are responsible for fixed wireless access deployment in a regional or remote Australian area and need terrain data accurate to ~3 to 5 m vertical RMSE from Geoscience Australia.
  • You are training new RF engineers and want a teaching tool that lets them see the elevation profile of a path, the coverage DEM around a site, and the inter source DEM spread without buying proprietary terrain libraries.
  • You are producing engineering evidence for an ACMA microwave licence application that requires a documented elevation profile with stated source, version, and resolution.
  • You are working outside Australia and need a global DEM (COP30, SRTM, NASADEM, AW3D30) because the AU national DEM does not cover your area.

Frequently asked questions

How many DEM sources are wired and live?

Eight, all live and server proxied: Mapbox Terrain RGB (zoom adaptive global), Copernicus GLO 30 and GLO 90 DSM (global including poles), NASA SRTM 1 arcsec and 3 arcsec (±60° latitude), ALOS World 3D 30 m DSM, NASADEM 1 arcsec, and Geoscience Australia 1 arcsec DEM (AU only). Copernicus, SRTM, ALOS, and NASADEM route through the noIM₃ server proxy to OpenTopography. Geoscience Australia routes through a separate proxy to the GA ArcGIS Image Service. No third party API key reaches the browser.

What does multi source merge do?

Tick two or more DEM sources and pick a strategy. First available walks the sources in priority order and takes the first non null sample per cell. Minimum takes the lowest elevation per cell across all contributing sources (worst case clearance). Maximum takes the highest (worst case obstruction). Mean and Median fold all contributing values per cell. Spread reports max minus min as a per cell uncertainty visualisation. Every merged cell carries the per source component values and the spread in the export, so downstream audit can reconstruct the merge.

How does the tool compute clutter heights?

Sources are tagged as bare earth DTM (Mapbox, Geoscience Australia 1″, SRTM, NASADEM) or surface DSM (Copernicus GLO 30 and 90, ALOS World 3D 30 m). When at least one of each is selected, the clutter AGL (DSM minus DTM) is computed per cell at merge time and populates the surface_elevation_m and clutter_agl_m columns in CSV, JSON, GeoJSON, and KML exports, plus the live cursor readout. Single source selection leaves clutter empty rather than fabricate building heights without a paired DTM reference.

How fine can the pitch be and how is that policed?

The pitch chips for 1, 5, 10, 30, and 90 m automatically grey out when the currently selected sources cannot honestly serve them. Mapbox Terrain RGB is zoom adaptive and serves down to ~1 m; every other source has a fixed native resolution and will grey the chips below it. Selecting a finer pitch than a source can serve auto deselects that source with an informational toast. Sub native pitches that the user accepts are bilinear interpolated by the tile fetcher and tagged interpolated equals true on every export, so engineers downstream do not mistake oversampled data for native fidelity.

What does the P2P corridor heatmap do?

Toggle Sample corridor on Generate in the Corridor tab. The sampler renders a rectangular heatmap of user set half width (50 m to 20 km) either side of the great circle. Pick the Viridis or Terrain ramp for absolute elevation, or the Clearance ramp which subtracts the TX to RX line of sight with k factor Earth bulge correction and colours obstructions in red, clear ground in green. TX AGL, RX AGL, k factor, and ramp choice apply at render time so you can probe the geometry without re sampling the DEM.

What does Sector mode produce?

A pie slice DEM constrained to an apex, azimuth (degrees from north, clockwise), beam width (1° to 360°, with an omni preset), and range (0.1 km to 100 km). Cells outside the wedge are masked transparent on the heatmap. A draggable boresight handle on the map lets you rotate and adjust the range live without typing. The same probe, 8 rose, cursor readout, and export pipeline as Coverage mode applies, and the export tags wedge bounds in the sample metadata.

What does PMP mode produce?

One elevation profile per subscriber from a single hub apex, up to 100 subscribers. Each subscriber has a name, latitude, and longitude (arm to click on the map or paste). Generate samples each apex to subscriber path with the same Karney geodesic adaptive sampler as P2P mode, with live results as each subscriber finishes. The dock shows a summary table (distance, bearing, sample count, error) and a per subscriber elevation chart. Export a summary CSV, per subscriber profile CSV, or a GeoJSON of all paths. PMP intentionally has no LOS, Fresnel, or clearance analysis baked in — downstream RF tools own the radio modelling.

What export formats are supported?

CSV with header comments and per sample source, version, and resolution columns. Native JSON matching the noIM₃ profile sample shape for re ingest. GeoJSON FeatureCollection of points. KML for Google Earth (full P2P, sub sampled for large coverage and sector grids). Float32 single band EPSG:4326 GeoTIFF with GDAL_NODATA equals -32768 for QGIS, ArcGIS, and GDAL. Profile PNG of the elevation chart. PMP exports a summary CSV plus per subscriber profile CSVs and a GeoJSON of all paths. The GeoTIFF is a hand rolled minimal classic TIFF with the GeoKey tags written inline so it loads cleanly in any compliant reader without sidecar files.

Can the output be imported into other noIM₃ tools?

Yes. The CSV and JSON outputs match the noIM₃ profile sample shape used by the Link Planner, Path Loss, Fresnel, and ITU R P.530 / P.526 / P.1812 tools. The intent is download once from the Terrain Data Viewer, import into whichever downstream tool needs it. Direct in app handoff is intentionally not supported, so the same files also work for offline analysis, sharing with colleagues, and external GIS workflows.

How does this compare to the elevation profile inside the Link Planner?

The Link Planner generates an elevation profile internally for its own ITU R P.526 / P.530 / P.452 link budget. The Terrain Data Viewer is a stand alone tool that produces the same data with full export to common formats, plus three additional geometries (Coverage, Sector, PMP), multi source merge, and a corridor heatmap. Both share the same TerrainProvider interface, the same Karney geodesic, and the same tile cache, so the data is consistent across tools.

Does the GeoTIFF include the projection information?

Yes. The GeoTIFF carries ModelPixelScaleTag and ModelTiepointTag for the affine geo transform, plus a GeoKeyDirectoryTag declaring GTModelTypeGeoKey equals Geographic, GTRasterTypeGeoKey equals PixelIsArea, GeographicTypeGeoKey equals 4326 (WGS84), and GeogAngularUnitsGeoKey equals degree. The GDAL_NODATA tag is set to -32768 for sample positions where the DEM had no coverage. The file loads cleanly in QGIS, ArcGIS, GDAL, and any compliant GeoTIFF reader.

Does any data leave my browser?

Mapbox Terrain RGB tiles are fetched directly from your browser to the Mapbox CDN through the noIM₃ persistent tile cache. Copernicus, SRTM, ALOS, NASADEM, and Geoscience Australia DEM queries route through noIM₃ server proxies that hold the OpenTopography API key server side, so no third party credential is exposed to the browser. The proxies pass through the bounding box and points for the requested cells but do not persist them. No path geometry, location, or output data is submitted to a noIM₃ analytics or storage backend.

How accurate is the elevation data?

Mapbox Terrain RGB has ~1 to 3 m vertical RMSE in well covered regions. Geoscience Australia 1″ has ~3 to 5 m vertical RMSE across AU. Copernicus GLO 30 has ~2 to 4 m. ALOS World 3D has ~5 to 7 m and is often the best DSM in mountainous terrain. NASADEM has ~7 m. SRTM 1″ has ~7 to 10 m. SRTM 3″ has ~12 m. Vertical accuracy degrades in poorly mapped regions, in dense vegetation, and over water. The export carries the source resolution and version per sample so downstream tools can disclose the accuracy of every cell.

Can the tool work outside Australia?

Yes. The map view defaults to Australia because that is our primary customer base, but the map permits free worldwide navigation and the global DEM sources (Mapbox, Copernicus GLO 30 and 90, SRTM 1″ and 3″, ALOS World 3D 30, NASADEM) all serve the whole world (SRTM and NASADEM cap at ±60° latitude). Geoscience Australia 1″ short circuits to null outside AU so the multi source dispatcher skips it cleanly for non AU samples.

How does the project save and load work?

Every project has its own slot in browser storage keyed by a stable id. The picker (the page you land on when you open the tool) lists everything you have saved with mode, source count, anchor coordinate, and last saved time. Open Site 17 in the morning, switch to Site 18 in the afternoon, and Site 17 keeps its inputs intact. Rename inline in the top bar (input expands to fit the name, capped at 60 characters), duplicate, export to a .tdv.json file, or import a colleagues file from another machine. Active project autosaves to its own slot on every input change; the top bar carries a live "saved Xs ago" pill copied from the HF link planner. Cross tab storage events keep the picker in sync if you delete a project in another tab. Sampled results are not persisted (they are several MB each and would exhaust the browser storage quota), so opening a saved project re runs sampling on demand against the same inputs.

What does the PDF report include?

A multi page A4 document with a cover (project name, mode, anchor, report ID, issued UTC, sources, merge strategy, pitch, sample count, optional engineer of record), table of contents, document control kvSheet, consolidated project information section (geometry, sources, merge, sampling statistics), a mode specific output section on landscape pages, and a closing glossary and standards table. P2P landscape pages render the elevation profile natively in jsPDF vector lines so the chart is sharp at any zoom (no rescale fuzz). Coverage and Sector ship three landscape figures each — elevation heatmap, Mapbox satellite view of the same bounding box, and a satellite + heatmap composite at 55 percent opacity that lets the engineer see terrain against ground truth landmarks like roads and coastline. PMP renders the per subscriber summary table on portrait then one landscape elevation profile per subscriber. The report deliberately carries no frequency dependent analysis (Fresnel, link budget, rain attenuation) — those belong in the Link Planner and Fresnel calculator. Mirrors the design system of the HF link planner report for cross tool consistency.

Can I drag the pins on the map to move sites?

Yes. Every input pin is draggable on the map: P2P endpoints, coverage centre, sector apex, PMP hub apex, and per subscriber pins. The geometry updates live as you drag — for P2P the path line tracks the moving endpoint, for coverage the radius ring slides with the centre, for sector the wedge polygon and boresight handle slide with the apex, and for PMP every apex to subscriber line updates with whichever end is moving. In sector mode dragging the apex anchors the boresight tip in geographic space so the wedge twists to keep pointing at the same ground spot. Click placement (arm the pin button on a card and tap the map) is still available for keyboard friendly placement. PMP subscribers can be added in sticky mode: arm the pin button once and every map click drops a new subscriber until you press Esc or toggle the arm button.